Country, group of countries Unemployed, thousand persons, 2023 Unemployment rate, per cent
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Austria 4,394 4.7 4.0 4.9 4.8 5.9 5.7 5.3 4.9 4.2 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.8 6.1 5.6 4.9 4.6 5.4 6.3 4.8 5.2
Belgium 4,954 6.6 6.2 6.9 7.7 7.4 8.5 8.3 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.4 7.2 7.6 8.5 8.6 8.6 7.9 7.1 6.0 5.4 5.6 6.3 5.6 5.6
Bulgaria 2,822 16.4 20.0 18.3 13.9 12.2 10.2 9.0 6.9 5.7 6.9 10.3 11.4 12.4 13.0 11.5 9.2 7.7 6.2 5.3 4.2 5.1 5.2 4.2 4.4
Cyprus 463 5.1 4.0 3.4 4.2 4.4 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.8 5.5 6.5 8.1 12.1 16.1 16.3 15.2 13.2 11.3 8.6 7.3 7.8 7.7 6.9 6.0
Czechia 4,890 8.8 8.0 7.1 7.6 8.3 8.0 7.2 5.4 4.4 6.8 7.4 6.8 7.0 7.0 6.2 5.1 4.0 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.6
Denmark 2,881 4.5 4.2 4.3 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 6.5 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.6 7.1 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.3 5.1 5.8 5.2 4.5 5.2
Estonia 653 13.6 13.2 10.2 11.6 10.6 8.2 6.1 4.7 5.6 13.9 17.1 12.6 10.2 8.9 7.5 6.5 7.1 6.0 5.5 4.6 7.2 6.5 5.9 6.6
Finland 2,532 11.2 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.4 8.5 7.8 6.9 6.4 8.4 8.5 7.9 7.8 8.3 8.8 9.6 9.0 8.8 7.5 6.8 7.9 7.8 6.9 7.3
France 28,012 10.3 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.9 8.5 8.5 7.7 7.1 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.5 10.0 10.3 10.4 10.1 9.5 9.1 8.5 8.1 7.9 7.4 7.4
Greece 4,078 11.5 10.6 10.2 9.6 10.5 10.1 9.1 8.5 7.9 9.8 12.9 18.1 24.7 27.7 26.7 25.1 23.7 21.7 19.5 17.5 16.5 14.9 12.6 11.2
Netherlands 9,387 2.7 2.1 2.6 3.6 4.7 5.9 5.0 4.2 3.7 4.4 5.1 5.0 5.9 7.3 7.5 6.9 6.1 4.9 3.8 3.4 3.9 4.2 3.5 3.5
Croatia 1,589 .. .. 15.4 14.3 14.1 13.0 11.5 10.1 8.7 9.4 11.9 14.0 16.3 17.5 17.5 16.4 13.3 11.3 8.5 6.6 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.2
Ireland 2,571 4.4 3.7 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5 5.1 6.9 12.8 14.8 15.7 15.8 14.0 12.1 10.1 8.6 6.9 5.9 5.1 5.8 6.3 4.6 4.4
Poland 16,865 16.6 18.7 20.2 19.7 19.4 18.0 14.0 9.7 7.2 8.3 9.7 9.8 10.2 10.5 9.1 7.6 6.2 5.0 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.9
Latvia 833 14.5 14.1 14.0 12.2 11.9 10.2 7.2 6.2 8.0 18.0 19.8 16.5 15.3 12.1 11.1 10.1 9.9 8.9 7.6 6.5 8.4 7.9 7.1 6.8
Lithuania 1,368 16.3 17.1 13.2 13.0 10.8 8.4 5.8 4.3 5.9 14.0 18.1 15.7 13.6 12.0 10.9 9.3 8.1 7.3 6.3 6.5 8.8 7.4 6.2 7.1
Luxembourg 318 2.4 1.8 2.6 3.7 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.1 5.1 5.2 4.4 4.9 5.2 5.9 5.9 6.7 6.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.8 5.3 4.6 5.2
Hungary 4,604 6.6 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.9 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.9 10.1 11.3 11.1 11.1 10.2 7.8 6.8 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.5 4.3 4.1 3.7 4.2
Malta 297 6.4 7.2 7.0 7.5 7.4 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.0 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.8 5.4 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.9 3.8 3.5 3.5
Germany 41,363 8.0 7.8 8.6 9.9 10.8 11.3 10.4 8.8 7.6 7.9 7.1 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.2
Italy 22,835 11.0 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.0 7.8 6.9 6.2 6.8 7.9 8.5 8.5 10.8 12.3 12.9 12.1 11.9 11.4 10.8 10.1 9.4 9.7 8.2 7.8
Portugal 4,823 4.0 4.1 4.8 6.5 6.7 8.0 8.1 8.5 8.0 10.0 11.4 13.4 16.3 17.1 14.5 12.9 11.5 9.2 7.2 6.7 7.1 6.9 6.3 6.7
Romania 7,614 7.7 7.3 8.8 7.4 8.1 7.5 7.6 6.8 6.1 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.1 5.1 4.3 4.0 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.6
Spain 20,852 13.9 10.4 11.2 11.3 11.1 9.2 8.5 8.3 11.3 18.0 20.0 21.5 24.9 26.2 24.6 22.2 19.7 17.3 15.4 14.2 15.6 15.0 13.1 12.3
Sweden 5,059 5.5 4.8 5.0 5.6 6.8 7.6 7.1 6.2 6.3 8.5 8.8 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.1 7.6 7.1 6.9 6.5 7.0 8.5 9.1 7.6 7.8
Slovakia 2,560 19.1 19.4 18.7 17.2 18.6 16.3 13.4 11.2 9.5 12.1 14.4 13.7 14.0 14.3 13.2 11.5 9.7 8.2 6.6 5.8 6.8 6.9 6.2 5.9
Slovenia 970 7.1 5.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 6.7 6.1 5.0 4.5 6.0 7.4 8.3 9.0 10.3 9.9 9.1 8.1 6.7 5.2 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.0 3.6
EU27_2020 199,587 .. .. 9.7 9.8 10.0 9.7 8.7 7.5 7.3 9.3 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.5 11.0 10.2 9.3 8.3 7.4 6.8 7.2 7.2 6.3 6.1
United Kingdom
31,382a
 5.6 4.7 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.3 5.7 7.7 7.9 8.2 8.1 7.7 6.3 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.8 .. .. .. ..
North Macedonia
784b
 .. .. .. .. .. .. 36.3 35.2 34.0 32.3 32.2 31.6 31.2 29.1 28.1 26.3 24.0 22.5 21.0 17.4 16.6 .. .. ..
Norway 2,753 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.4 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.6 4.4 4.8 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.5 4.5 3.3 3.7
Russia 2,310 10.7 9.0 7.9 8.3 7.8 7.2 7.1 6.1 6.2 8.4 7.4 6.6 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.5 5.7 4.8 3.9 3.1
Switzerland 4,649 2.7 2.5 3.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.4 4.2 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.5 5.0 5.2 4.2 4.1
Türkiye 30,598 .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.9 9.1 9.9 12.8 10.9 9.0 8.3 8.9 10.1 10.4 11.1 11.1 11.1 14.0 13.4 12.2 10.7 9.6
Israel 145 11.2 12.0 13.1 13.7 13.2 11.5 10.8 9.5 7.8 9.7 8.6 7.2 6.9 6.2 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.3 4.9 3.8 3.5
Japan 1,620 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.2 5.3 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7
Republic of Korea 681 4.2 3.9 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.6 2.9 2.7
United Statesc 5,765 4.0 4.8 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.7 5.8 9.4 9.8 9.1 8.2 7.5 6.3 5.4 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.7 8.1 5.4 3.7 3.7
Canada 1,110 6.9 7.3 7.7 7.6 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.4 8.6 8.3 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.5 5.9 5.8 9.7 7.5 5.3 5.5
Mexico 1,645 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.6 4.6 4.2 3.4 2.9
Australia 525 6.4 6.8 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.4 4.3 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.3 6.6 5.3 3.8 3.8
New Zealand 110 6.2 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.2 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.8 4.0 3.5 3.9

Footnotes

*Download date: 2 October 2024.
a2019.
b2020.
cData refer to the population aged 16–64.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); ILOSTAT (ILO, Geneva).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
green number
Revised datum.
.