Country, group of countries Economically active population, thousand persons, 2023 Activity rate, percent
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Austria 4,634 71.3 70.7 71.6 71.7 69.4 71.4 72.4 73.5 73.9 74.3 74.4 74.6 75.1 75.5 75.4 75.5 76.2 76.4 76.8 77.1 76.6 77.2 77.8 78.2
Belgium 5,247 65.2 63.6 64.1 64.3 65.3 66.7 66.5 67.1 67.1 66.9 67.7 66.7 66.9 67.5 67.7 67.6 67.6 68.0 68.6 69.0 68.6 69.7 70.5 70.5
Bulgaria 2,951 61.6 63.4 62.5 61.7 62.8 62.1 64.5 66.3 67.8 67.2 66.7 65.9 67.1 68.4 69.0 69.3 68.7 71.3 71.5 73.5 72.6 72.3 73.7 73.9
Cyprus 493 68.9 70.7 70.9 72.2 72.7 72.4 73.0 73.9 73.6 73.0 73.6 73.5 73.5 73.6 74.3 73.9 73.4 73.9 75.0 76.0 75.8 76.7 78.2 80.0
Czechia 5,023 71.2 70.7 70.4 70.2 69.9 70.4 70.3 69.9 69.7 70.1 70.2 70.5 71.6 72.9 73.5 74.0 75.0 75.9 76.6 76.7 76.4 76.6 77.2 77.1
Denmark 3,040 80.0 79.2 79.9 79.4 80.2 79.8 80.6 80.1 79.3 78.7 78.0 77.8 77.2 76.6 76.6 76.9 77.5 77.9 78.2 79.1 79.0 79.6 80.4 80.8
Estonia 699 70.5 69.8 68.4 70.6 70.7 70.7 72.8 73.2 74.2 74.0 73.9 74.7 74.8 75.1 75.2 76.3 77.2 78.4 78.7 78.4 78.8 79.1 81.2 81.6
Finland 2,732 76.8 77.1 77.2 76.8 76.2 74.7 75.2 75.6 76.0 75.0 74.5 74.9 75.2 75.2 75.4 75.8 75.9 76.7 77.9 78.3 78.3 78.8 79.8 79.9
France 30,253 68.8 68.6 69.0 69.8 69.7 69.7 69.6 69.7 69.9 70.3 70.3 70.1 70.7 71.1 71.0 71.3 71.4 71.5 71.9 71.7 71.0 73.0 73.6 73.9
Greece 4,591 63.9 63.3 64.1 64.9 66.3 66.4 66.7 66.5 66.7 67.4 67.8 67.3 67.5 67.5 67.4 67.8 68.2 68.3 68.2 68.4 67.4 67.3 69.4 69.5
Netherlands 9,732 74.9 75.7 76.5 76.5 76.6 75.1 75.4 76.7 77.8 78.1 77.9 78.1 79.0 79.4 79.0 79.6 79.7 79.7 80.3 80.9 80.9 83.7 84.7 85.5
Croatia 1,695 .. .. 62.6 62.3 63.9 63.3 62.8 65.7 65.8 65.6 65.1 64.1 63.9 63.7 66.1 66.9 65.6 66.4 66.3 66.4 67.2 69.0 70.1 70.1
Ireland 2,690 67.5 67.7 68.0 68.2 68.7 70.8 71.9 75.6 74.8 73.0 71.6 71.2 71.1 71.8 71.8 72.1 72.7 72.7 72.9 73.3 71.9 74.6 76.8 77.5
Poland 17,363 66.1 66.0 64.9 64.0 63.7 64.4 63.4 63.2 63.8 64.7 65.3 65.7 66.5 67.0 67.9 68.1 68.8 69.6 70.1 70.8 71.1 72.9 73.6 74.5
Latvia 894 67.1 67.6 69.3 68.8 68.7 69.1 71.0 72.6 74.2 73.5 73.0 72.8 74.4 74.0 74.6 75.7 76.3 77.0 77.7 77.3 78.2 75.8 76.8 76.6
Lithuania 1,473 71.2 70.1 69.8 72.1 69.3 68.7 67.6 67.9 68.4 69.6 70.2 71.4 71.8 72.4 73.7 74.1 75.5 75.9 77.3 78.0 78.5 78.2 78.6 78.8
Luxembourg 335 64.2 64.1 65.3 64.6 65.8 66.6 66.7 66.9 66.8 68.7 68.2 67.9 69.4 69.9 70.8 70.9 70.0 70.2 71.1 72.0 72.2 73.2 73.5 74.1
Hungary 4,803 59.9 59.4 59.5 60.6 60.2 61.3 62.0 61.6 61.2 61.2 61.9 62.4 63.7 64.7 67.0 68.6 70.1 71.2 71.9 72.6 72.8 76.2 77.2 78.0
Malta 307 58.2 58.9 59.1 59.1 57.6 57.6 57.9 58.8 59.1 59.4 60.4 61.8 63.9 66.3 67.8 68.8 70.6 72.2 74.1 74.8 76.0 77.1 79.3 80.7
Germany 42,709 71.0 71.3 71.5 72.1 72.1 73.8 74.9 75.6 75.9 76.3 76.7 77.3 77.2 77.6 77.7 77.6 77.9 78.2 78.6 79.2 78.5 78.5 79.3 79.7
Italy 24,766 59.9 60.3 61.0 61.6 62.8 62.5 62.6 62.4 62.9 62.3 62.0 62.1 63.5 63.4 63.9 64.0 64.9 65.4 65.6 65.7 64.1 64.5 65.5 66.7
Portugal 5,167 71.1 71.8 72.6 72.8 72.6 73.2 73.6 73.9 73.9 73.4 73.7 73.6 73.4 73.0 73.2 73.4 73.7 74.7 75.1 75.4 74.1 74.8 76.2 77.6
Romania 8,067 69.6 68.3 64.2 63.4 63.9 62.3 63.6 63.0 62.9 63.1 64.9 64.1 64.8 64.9 65.7 66.1 65.6 67.3 67.8 68.6 69.2 65.6 66.8 66.8
Spain 23,765 65.1 64.4 66.4 67.8 68.7 70.0 71.1 71.8 72.7 73.1 73.5 73.9 74.3 74.3 74.2 74.3 74.2 73.9 73.7 73.8 72.2 73.7 74.0 74.5
Sweden 5,489 75.3 78.1 78.0 77.9 77.7 78.2 78.8 79.1 79.3 78.9 79.1 79.9 80.3 81.1 81.5 81.7 82.1 82.5 82.7 82.9 82.5 82.6 83.3 84.0
Slovakia 2,722 69.5 70.4 69.5 69.8 69.7 68.9 68.6 68.3 68.8 68.4 68.7 68.7 69.4 69.9 70.3 70.9 71.9 72.1 72.4 72.7 72.4 74.6 76.1 76.5
Slovenia 1,007 67.4 67.5 68.5 66.9 69.9 70.7 70.9 71.3 71.8 71.8 71.5 70.3 70.4 70.5 70.9 71.8 71.6 74.2 75.0 75.2 74.6 75.0 76.2 75.2
EU27_2020 212,646 .. .. 67.7 68.1 68.4 68.8 69.3 69.6 70.0 70.1 70.3 70.5 71.0 71.3 71.6 71.9 72.3 72.7 73.1 73.4 72.8 73.6 74.5 75.0
United Kingdom
32,631a
 75.2 74.9 75.0 75.1 75.0 75.4 75.7 75.5 75.8 75.7 75.4 75.5 76.1 76.4 76.7 76.9 77.3 77.6 77.9 78.1 .. .. .. ..
North Macedonia
940b
 .. .. .. .. .. .. 62.2 62.8 63.5 64.0 64.2 64.2 63.9 64.9 65.3 64.9 64.5 65.3 65.4 66.3 65.5 .. .. ..
Norway 2,859 80.7 80.5 80.6 78.9 78.7 78.3 78.0 78.8 80.0 78.9 78.1 77.8 78.2 78.2 78.0 78.2 78.0 77.3 77.9 78.3 78.2 79.9 80.4 80.4
Russia 74,537 70.9 69.5 70.1 69.9 71.1 71.5 72.0 72.9 73.2 73.0 72.6 72.8 72.9 72.7 73.1 73.3 74.1 74.2 74.6 74.1 74.1 75.2 75.7 76.3
Switzerland 4,850 80.5 81.2 81.3 81.3 81.0 80.9 81.2 81.6 82.3 82.5 81.3 82.0 82.3 82.4 82.9 83.3 83.9 84.0 84.2 84.3 84.1 83.9 83.6 84.1
Türkiye 33,845 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.0 49.1 49.8 50.8 51.9 53.2 53.3 54.4 55.1 56.0 56.9 57.9 58.5 58.4 54.9 57.3 59.2 59.5
Israel 4,195 69.5 69.3 68.4 68.9 69.4 69.8 70.4 70.9 70.8 70.8 71.1 70.9 73.0 73.1 73.7 73.7 73.7 73.7 73.6 73.3 71.6 71.8 73.6 74.0
Japan 59,950 72.5 72.6 72.3 72.3 72.3 72.7 73.2 73.7 73.8 73.9 74.0 73.8 73.9 74.8 75.6 76.0 76.9 77.6 78.8 79.6 79.7 80.0 80.6 81.1
Republic of Korea 25,427 64.8 65.3 66.7 65.8 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.4 65.8 66.1 66.4 66.6 67.7 68.2 68.8 69.7 69.6 69.6 69.8 68.9 69.4 70.9 71.5
United Statesc 155,920 77.2 76.8 76.4 75.8 75.4 75.4 75.5 75.3 75.3 74.6 73.9 73.3 73.1 72.8 72.7 72.6 73.0 73.3 73.6 74.1 73.0 73.4 74.0 74.7
Canada 20,235 76.2 76.3 77.4 78.2 78.1 77.7 77.9 78.3 78.5 78.2 78.0 78.0 78.2 78.4 78.1 78.3 78.3 78.7 78.7 79.2 77.7 79.4 79.8 80.2
Mexico 57,140 61.7 61.0 60.6 61.0 61.6 62.3 63.3 63.4 63.2 63.3 63.1 63.4 64.2 64.1 63.6 63.6 63.7 63.4 63.8 64.6 60.3 63.8 64.7 65.6
Australia 13,954 73.8 74.1 74.1 74.5 74.4 75.4 75.8 76.2 76.5 76.4 76.4 76.6 76.4 76.4 76.3 76.9 76.9 77.4 78.0 78.5 77.9 79.1 80.5 80.8
New Zealand 2,825 75.0 75.6 76.2 75.8 76.3 77.2 77.8 78.0 77.9 77.7 77.4 77.7 77.6 77.4 78.6 78.7 79.9 80.9 81.2 80.9 80.6 81.6 82.5 83.3

Footnotes

*Download date: 1 October 2024.
a2019.
b2020.
cData refer to the population aged 16–64.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); ILOSTAT (ILO, Geneva).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
green number
Revised datum.
.