Countries, country group |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
reference year |
Austria |
7.3 |
8.1 |
8.2 |
7.4 |
7.1 |
7.8 |
8.6 |
7.7 |
7.8 |
9.1 |
8.2 |
8.1 |
8.3 |
7.3 |
7.8 |
Belgium |
15.1 |
14.3 |
13.8 |
11.7 |
12.3 |
12.7 |
13.8 |
13.9 |
14.0 |
14.6 |
14.9 |
14.9 |
13.9 |
12.6 |
12.4 |
Bulgaria |
.. |
14.7 |
16.0 |
8.1 |
6.9 |
8.0 |
11.0 |
12.5 |
13.0 |
12.1 |
11.6 |
11.9 |
11.1 |
9.0 |
9.3 |
Cyprus |
4.4 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
6.5 |
7.9 |
9.7 |
10.9 |
10.6 |
9.4 |
8.6 |
6.8 |
Czechia |
8.9 |
8.9 |
8.6 |
7.2 |
6.0 |
6.4 |
6.6 |
6.8 |
6.9 |
7.6 |
6.8 |
6.7 |
5.5 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
Denmark |
10.1 |
9.6 |
10.1 |
8.5 |
8.8 |
10.6 |
10.5 |
10.2 |
11.9 |
12.2 |
11.6 |
10.7 |
10.0 |
9.8 |
9.3 |
Estonia |
9.5 |
7.1 |
6.2 |
5.3 |
5.6 |
9.0 |
10.0 |
9.1 |
8.5 |
7.6 |
6.6 |
5.8 |
5.8 |
5.2 |
5.5 |
Finland |
10.0 |
9.1 |
8.8 |
7.5 |
8.4 |
9.3 |
10.0 |
9.3 |
9.0 |
10.0 |
10.8 |
11.4 |
10.7 |
10.8 |
9.7 |
France |
8.7 |
9.1 |
9.6 |
8.8 |
8.4 |
9.9 |
9.4 |
8.4 |
8.1 |
9.6 |
8.6 |
8.4 |
8.1 |
8.0 |
7.9 |
Greece |
7.6 |
8.2 |
8.2 |
7.5 |
6.6 |
7.6 |
11.9 |
14.1 |
18.1 |
17.1 |
16.8 |
17.2 |
15.6 |
14.6 |
13.8 |
Netherlands |
9.8 |
10.9 |
9.7 |
8.2 |
8.5 |
8.4 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
9.3 |
10.2 |
10.2 |
9.6 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
9.3 |
Croatia |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
13.9 |
15.9 |
16.8 |
14.8 |
14.7 |
14.4 |
13.0 |
12.2 |
11.2 |
9.2 |
Ireland |
14.7 |
12.9 |
14.3 |
13.7 |
20.0 |
22.9 |
24.2 |
23.4 |
23.9 |
21.0 |
18.7 |
17.8 |
16.2 |
13.0 |
13.6 |
Poland |
14.3 |
12.4 |
10.1 |
8.0 |
6.9 |
7.3 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
7.2 |
7.3 |
6.9 |
6.4 |
5.7 |
5.6 |
4.7 |
Latvia |
8.4 |
7.1 |
6.1 |
5.5 |
7.4 |
12.6 |
12.6 |
11.7 |
10.0 |
9.6 |
7.9 |
7.2 |
7.7 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
Lithuania |
9.7 |
8.3 |
6.5 |
6.1 |
7.2 |
9.4 |
12.7 |
11.4 |
11.0 |
8.8 |
9.3 |
10.2 |
9.8 |
9.0 |
7.6 |
Luxembourg |
5.7 |
5.2 |
5.0 |
4.7 |
6.3 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
6.1 |
6.6 |
6.1 |
5.7 |
6.6 |
6.9 |
8.3 |
7.6 |
Hungary |
9.5 |
13.1 |
11.3 |
12.0 |
11.3 |
11.9 |
12.8 |
13.5 |
13.6 |
12.8 |
9.4 |
8.1 |
6.6 |
5.5 |
4.9 |
Malta |
9.6 |
9.7 |
9.6 |
8.6 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
8.9 |
9.0 |
9.1 |
9.9 |
9.2 |
7.3 |
7.1 |
5.5 |
4.9 |
Germany |
12.0 |
13.6 |
11.5 |
11.7 |
10.9 |
11.3 |
11.2 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
10.0 |
9.8 |
9.6 |
8.7 |
8.1 |
7.6 |
Italy |
11.0 |
11.3 |
10.2 |
10.4 |
9.2 |
10.6 |
10.5 |
10.6 |
11.3 |
12.1 |
11.7 |
12.8 |
11.8 |
11.3 |
10.0 |
Portugal |
6.0 |
6.6 |
7.2 |
6.3 |
7.0 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
10.1 |
12.2 |
12.2 |
10.9 |
9.1 |
8.0 |
7.2 |
6.2 |
Romania |
.. |
.. |
9.9 |
8.5 |
8.1 |
7.7 |
7.4 |
7.9 |
7.6 |
7.2 |
7.9 |
8.2 |
6.9 |
7.4 |
6.0 |
Spain |
6.9 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
6.6 |
7.6 |
10.8 |
13.4 |
14.3 |
15.7 |
17.1 |
15.4 |
14.9 |
12.8 |
10.7 |
10.9 |
Sweden |
7.6 |
6.8 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
9.4 |
8.1 |
9.2 |
8.9 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
8.5 |
Slovakia |
6.6 |
6.2 |
6.5 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
7.9 |
7.7 |
7.2 |
7.6 |
7.1 |
7.1 |
6.5 |
5.4 |
5.2 |
6.2 |
Slovenia |
8.6 |
6.9 |
7.3 |
6.7 |
5.6 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
7.5 |
8.0 |
8.7 |
7.4 |
7.4 |
6.2 |
5.4 |
5.2 |
EU27_2020 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
9.9 |
10.4 |
10.2 |
10.6 |
11.1 |
10.5 |
10.4 |
9.4 |
8.8 |
8.3 |
United Kingdom |
12.8 |
12.1 |
10.5 |
10.8 |
12.7 |
13.2 |
11.5 |
13.0 |
13.2 |
12.3 |
11.9 |
11.3 |
10.1 |
8.6 |
.. |
EU28 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
10.3 |
10.5 |
10.6 |
11.0 |
11.3 |
10.7 |
10.5 |
9.6 |
8.8 |
8.5 |
Euro area–19 |
9.8 |
10.3 |
9.7 |
9.3 |
9.1 |
10.4 |
11.0 |
10.7 |
11.2 |
11.8 |
11.2 |
11.1 |
10.2 |
9.4 |
9.0 |
Iceland |
3.2 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
5.7 |
6.3 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
4.9 |
5.2 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
.. |
North Macedonia |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
24.5 |
20.0 |
19.9 |
17.6 |
17.2 |
17.4 |
16.3 |
16.9 |
16.4 |
13.6 |
Norway |
8.3 |
7.7 |
8.8 |
6.5 |
6.9 |
7.5 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
6.3 |
6.0 |
7.8 |
7.7 |
8.8 |
9.2 |
8.6 |
Switzerland |
.. |
.. |
4.5 |
3.3 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
5.9 |
6.2 |
5.9 |
Serbia |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
18.1 |
20.5 |
21.2 |
21.5 |
20.1 |
18.0 |
16.6 |
Turkey |
.. |
15.5 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
11.9 |
12.3 |
11.9 |
10.9 |
10.4 |
10.5 |
10.9 |
10.1 |
9.9 |
9.7 |
10.2 |
.