Countries, country group 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
reference year
Austria 17.4 17.8 16.7 20.6 19.1 18.9 19.2 18.5 18.8 19.2 18.3 18.0 18.1 17.5 16.9
Belgium 22.6 21.5 21.6 20.8 20.2 20.8 21.0 21.6 20.8 21.2 21.1 20.9 20.6 20.0 19.5
Bulgaria .. 61.3 60.7 44.8 46.2 49.2 49.1 49.3 48.0 40.1 41.3 40.4 38.9 32.8 32.5
Cyprus 19.6 18.0 15.8 15.3 14.0 14.4 15.3 15.4 14.6 14.8 14.0 13.3 12.2 12.2 12.5
Czechia 19.6 18.0 15.8 15.3 14.0 14.4 15.3 15.4 14.6 14.8 14.0 13.3 12.2 12.2 12.5
Denmark 17.2 16.7 16.8 16.3 17.6 18.3 17.6 17.5 18.3 17.9 17.7 16.8 17.2 17.0 16.3
Estonia 25.9 22.0 22.0 21.8 23.4 21.7 23.1 23.4 23.5 26.0 24.2 24.4 23.4 24.4 24.3
Finland 17.2 17.1 17.4 17.4 16.9 16.9 17.9 17.2 16.0 17.3 16.8 16.6 15.7 16.5 15.6
France 18.9 18.8 19.0 18.5 18.5 19.2 19.3 19.1 18.1 18.5 17.7 18.2 17.0 17.4 17.9
Greece 29.4 29.3 28.3 28.1 27.6 27.7 31.0 34.6 35.7 36.0 35.7 35.6 34.8 31.8 30.0
Netherlands 16.7 16.0 15.7 14.9 15.1 15.1 15.7 15.0 15.9 16.5 16.4 16.7 17.0 16.7 16.5
Croatia .. .. .. .. .. 31.1 32.6 32.6 29.9 29.3 29.1 27.9 26.4 24.8 23.3
Ireland 25.0 23.3 23.1 23.7 25.7 27.3 29.4 30.1 29.9 27.7 26.2 24.4 22.7 21.1 ..
Poland 45.3 39.5 34.4 30.5 27.8 27.8 27.2 26.7 25.8 24.7 23.4 21.9 19.5 18.9 18.2
Latvia 46.3 42.2 35.1 34.2 37.9 38.2 40.1 36.2 35.1 32.7 30.9 28.5 28.2 28.4 27.3
Lithuania 41.0 35.9 28.7 28.3 29.6 34.0 33.1 32.5 30.8 27.3 29.3 30.1 29.6 28.3 26.3
Luxembourg 17.3 16.5 15.9 15.5 17.8 17.1 16.8 18.4 19.0 19.0 18.5 19.1 19.4 20.7 20.6
Hungary 32.1 31.4 29.4 28.2 29.6 29.9 31.5 33.5 34.8 31.8 28.2 26.3 25.6 19.6 18.9
Malta 20.5 19.5 19.7 20.1 20.3 21.2 22.1 23.1 24.6 23.9 23.0 20.3 19.3 19.0 20.1
Germany 18.4 20.2 20.6 20.1 20.0 19.7 19.9 19.6 20.3 20.6 20.0 19.7 19.0 18.7 17.4
Italy 25.6 25.9 26.0 25.5 24.9 25.0 28.1 29.9 28.5 28.3 28.7 30.0 28.9 27.3 ..
Portugal 26.1 25.0 25.0 26.0 24.9 25.3 24.4 25.3 27.5 27.5 26.6 25.1 23.3 21.6 21.6
Romania .. .. 47.0 44.2 43.0 41.5 40.9 43.2 41.9 40.3 37.4 38.8 35.7 32.5 31.2
Spain 24.3 24.0 23.3 23.8 24.7 26.1 26.7 27.2 27.3 29.2 28.6 27.9 26.6 26.1 25.3
Sweden 14.4 16.3 13.9 16.7 17.8 17.7 18.5 17.7 18.3 18.2 18.6 18.3 17.7 18.0 18.8
Slovakia 32.0 26.7 21.4 20.6 19.6 20.6 20.6 20.5 19.8 18.4 18.4 18.1 16.3 16.3 ..
Slovenia 18.5 17.1 17.1 18.5 17.1 18.3 19.3 19.6 20.4 20.4 19.2 18.4 17.1 16.2 14.4
EU27_2020 .. .. .. .. .. 23.9 24.5 24.9 24.6 24.5 23.8 23.7 22.5 21.6 20.9
United Kingdom 25.9 22.0 22.0 21.8 23.4 21.7 23.1 23.4 23.5 26.0 24.2 24.4 23.4 24.4 24.3
EU28 .. .. .. .. .. 23.8 24.3 24.8 24.6 24.4 23.8 23.5 22.4 21.8 21.4
Euro area–19 22.0 22.1 21.9 21.7 21.6 22.0 22.9 23.3 23.1 23.5 23.1 23.1 22.1 21.6 21.1
Iceland 13.3 12.5 13.0 11.8 11.6 13.7 13.7 12.7 13.0 11.2 12.5 12.2 12.8 .. ..
North Macedonia .. .. .. .. .. 47.2 50.4 50.3 48.1 43.3 41.6 41.1 41.6 41.1 ..
Norway 16.2 16.8 16.5 15.0 15.2 14.9 14.5 13.7 14.1 13.5 15.0 15.3 16.0 16.2 16.1
Switzerland .. .. 17.9 18.1 17.9 17.2 17.2 17.5 16.3 16.4 18.2 17.8 18.1 17.4 ..
Serbia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42.0 42.6 41.7 38.5 36.7 34.3 ..
Turkey .. 66.4 64.4 63.9 63.9 65.7 63.8 61.3 51.2 41.6 41.3 45.1 41.3 39.8 ..

Explanation of symbols

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Datum not available.
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