Year Internal R&D staff number in full-time equivalent Of which: Internal R&D staff number in full-time equivalent, females Of which: Internal researchers in full-time equivalent Of which: Internal researchers in full-time equivalent, females Of which:
in R&D institutes and other government research units in higher education sector in business enterprises in R&D institutes and other government research units in higher education sector in business enterprises in R&D institutes and other government research units in higher education sector in business enterprises in R&D institutes and other government research units in higher education sector in business enterprises
1990 36,384 14524 8,843 13,017 .. .. .. .. 17,550 6,665 5,204 5,681 .. .. .. ..
1991 29,397 11,909 8,458 9,030 .. .. .. .. 14,471 5,702 4,926 3,843 .. .. .. ..
1992 24,192 10,235 7,917 6,040 .. .. .. .. 12,311 4,981 4,754 2,576 .. .. .. ..
1993 22,609 9,164 7,776 5,669 .. .. .. .. 11,818 4,635 4,546 2,637 .. .. .. ..
1994 22,008 8,343 7,611 6,054 .. .. .. .. 11,752 4,343 4,589 2,820 .. .. .. ..
1995 19,585 7,739 6,310 5,536 .. .. .. .. 10,499 3,905 4,044 2,550 .. .. .. ..
1996 19,776 9,080 6,558 4,138 .. .. .. .. 10,408 4,596 3,857 1,955 .. .. .. ..
1997 20,758 8,866 7,210 4,682 .. .. .. .. 11,154 4,566 4,194 2,394 .. .. .. ..
1998 20,315 7,815 7,561 4,939 .. .. .. .. 11,731 4,608 4,398 2,725 .. .. .. ..
1999 21,329 7,978 7,452 5,899 .. .. .. .. 12,579 4,550 4,768 3,261 .. .. .. ..
2000 23,534 8,204 8,859 6,471 .. .. .. .. 14,406 4,653 5,852 3,901 .. .. .. ..
2001 22,942 7,766 8,397 6,779 .. .. .. .. 14,666 4,657 5,938 4,071 .. .. .. ..
2002 23,703 7,979 8,528 7,196 .. .. .. .. 14,965 4,622 5,999 4,344 .. .. .. ..
2003 23,311 7,859 8,272 7,180 .. .. .. .. 15,180 4,741 5,957 4,482 .. .. .. ..
2004 22,826 7,595 8,527 6,704 .. .. .. .. 14,904 4,693 5,902 4,309 .. .. .. ..
2005 23,239 7,652 8,194 7,393 7,995 3,538 2,111 2,346 15,878 4,959 5,911 5,008 3,879 1,778 1,056 1,045
2006 25,971 8,169 8,523 9,279 10,797 3,868 3,892 3,037 17,547 5,226 6,073 6,248 5,505 1,882 2,184 1,439
2007 25,954 7,834 7,778 10,342 10,504 3,707 3,500 3,297 17,391 4,572 5,833 6,986 5,505 1,724 2,113 1,668
2008 27,403 8,050 7,980 11,373 10,985 3,866 3,648 3,471 18,504 4,720 5,872 7,912 5,689 1,739 2,141 1,809
2009 29,795 8,234 8,372 13,189 11,555 3,995 3,759 3,801 20,064 4,928 6,164 8,972 6,103 1,931 2,194 1,978
2010 31,480 8,225 8,256 14,999 12,023 3,968 3,763 4,292 21,342 5,027 6,041 10,274 6,447 2,024 2,147 2,276
2011 33,960 8,480 8,260 17,220 12,528 4,106 3,883 4,539 23,019 5,271 5,975 11,773 6,882 2,156 2,199 2,527
2012 35,732 7,605 8,130 19,997 12,778 3,745 3,820 5,213 23,837 4,674 5,932 13,231 6,772 1,941 2,258 2,573
2013 38,163 7,765 8,154 22,244 12,885 3,435 3,828 5,622 25,038 4,782 5,939 14,317 6,748 1,897 2,253 2,598
2014 37,329 7,215 7,937 22,177 12,698 3,374 3,683 5,641 26,213 4,776 5,860 15,577 6,908 1,887 2,249 2,772
2015 36,847 8,111 7,706 21,030 12,899 3,831 3,623 5,445 25,316 4,680 5,610 15,026 6,799 1,849 2,189 2,761
2016 35,757 7,456 7,476 20,825 12,074 3,450 3,467 5,157 25,804 4,965 5,592 15,247 6,884 1,954 2,197 2,733
2017 40,432 7,271 8,442 24,719 13,488 3,467 4,020 6,001 28,426 4,867 6,032 17,527 7,632 2,048 2,422 3,162
2018 45,566 7,172 9,309 29,085 14,624 3,311 4,408 6,905 31,430 4,744 6,662 20,024 8,205 1,931 2,679 3,595
2019 48,602 7,201 10,394 31,007 15,379 3,457 4,860 7,062 33,446 4,777 7,273 21,396 8,705 1,981 2,925 3,799
2020 50,593 7,648 10,361 32,584 15,946 3,594 4,982 7,370 35,379 5,161 7,184 23,034 9,111 2,075 2,943 4,093
2021 52,800 7,330 10,479 34,991 16,385 3,291 4,840 8,254 37,371 5,097 7,463 24,811 9,668 1,963 3,028 4,677
2022 53,512 7,197 9,991 36,324 16,238 3,183 4,598 8,457 38,480 4,919 7,144 26,417 9,636 1,857 2,871 4,908
2023 52,174 6,989 9,778 35,407 15,658 3,004 4,526 8,128 38,661 4,726 7,269 26,666 9,665 1,805 2,937 4,923

Footnotes

*Staff number converted to full-time employees, i.e. staff number weighted with the ratio of time spent on actual research and development to total working hours.

Explanation of symbols

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