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Last update: 25 February 2021
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Denomination | 1941 | 1949 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
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Population, 1st Januarya | |||||||||
male | 4 560 875b | 4 423 420 | 4 804 043 | 5 003 651 | 5 188 709 | 4 984 904 | 4 851 012 | 4 836 980 | 4 818 456 |
female | 4 755 199b | 4 781 379 | 5 157 001 | 5 318 448 | 5 520 754 | 5 389 919 | 5 349 286 | 5 337 873 | 5 323 906 |
total | 9 316 074b | 9 204 799 | 9 961 044 | 10 322 099 | 10 709 463 | 10 374 823 | 10 200 298 | 10 174 853 | 10 142 362 |
Average age, 1st January | |||||||||
male | 31.0b | 31.5 | 32.5 | 34.3 | 34.6 | 35.5 | 37.1 | 37.3 | 37.5 |
female | 32.1b | 33.3 | 34.8 | 37.0 | 37.7 | 39.0 | 41.1 | 41.3 | 41.6 |
total | 31.6b | 32.4 | 33.6 | 35.7 | 36.2 | 37.3 | 39.2 | 39.4 | 39.6 |
Number of females per thousand males | 1 043b | 1 081 | 1 073 | 1 063 | 1 064 | 1 081 | 1 103 | 1 104 | 1 105 |
Density per km2 | 100.1b | 98.9 | 107.1 | 111.0 | 115.1 | 111.5 | 109.6 | 109.4 | 109.0 |
Marriages | |||||||||
number | 79 074 | 107 820 | 88 566 | 96 612 | 80 331 | 66 405 | 43 583 | 46 008 | 45 398 |
per thousand inhabitants | 8.5 | 11.7 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
Divorces | |||||||||
number | 6 858c | 12 556 | 16 590 | 22 841 | 27 797 | 24 888 | 24 391 | 25 506 | 25 046 |
per thousand inhabitants | 0.5c | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Live births | |||||||||
number | 177 047 | 190 398 | 146 461 | 151 819 | 148 673 | 125 679 | 97 047 | 96 804 | 94 647 |
per thousand inhabitants | 18.9 | 20.6 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.3 |
Deaths | |||||||||
number | 123 349 | 105 718 | 101 525 | 120 197 | 145 355 | 145 660 | 132 183 | 132 833 | 135 823 |
per thousand inhabitants | 13.2 | 11.4 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 13.4 |
Natural increase, decrease (–) | |||||||||
number | 53 698 | 84 680 | 44 936 | 31 622 | 3 318 | -19 981 | -35 136 | -36 029 | -41 176 |
per thousand inhabitants | 5.7 | 9.2 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 0.3 | -1.9 | -3.4 | -3.5 | -4.1 |
Total fertility rate | 2.48d | 2.54 | 2.02 | 1.98 | 1.91 | 1.87 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.27 |
Reproduction rates | |||||||||
crude | 1.194d | 1.223 | 0.975 | 0.956 | 0.932 | 0.912 | 0.633 | 0.633 | 0.614 |
net | 0.972d | 1.060 | 0.918 | 0.915 | 0.904 | 0.891 | 0.624 | 0.624 | 0.606 |
Average life expectancy at the birth | |||||||||
males | 54.95 | 59.28 | 65.89 | 66.31 | 65.45 | 65.13 | 68.15 | 68.26 | 68.29 |
females | 58.24 | 63.40 | 70.10 | 72.08 | 72.70 | 73.71 | 76.46 | 76.56 | 76.53 |
total | .. | 61.36 | 68.03 | 69.20 | 69.02 | 69.33 | 72.32 | 72.43 | 72.43 |
Foetal losses | |||||||||
induced abortions | |||||||||
number | .. | 1 707e | 162 160 | 192 283 | 80 882 | 90 394 | 56 404 | 56 075 | 53 789 |
per hundred live-born | .. | 0.9e | 110.7 | 126.7 | 54.4 | 71.9 | 58.1 | 57.9 | 56.8 |
foetal deaths | |||||||||
number | .. | 38 428e | 35 756 | 31 357 | 21 128 | 18 295 | 16 292 | 17 035 | 16 845 |
per hundred live-born | .. | 19.6e | 24.4 | 20.6 | 14.2 | 14.6 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 17.8 |
total | |||||||||
number | .. | 40 135e | 197 916 | 223 640 | 102 010 | 108 689 | 72 696 | 73 110 | 70 634 |
per hundred live-born | .. | 20.5e | 135.1 | 147.3 | 68.6 | 86.5 | 74.9 | 75.5 | 74.6 |
Infant deaths | |||||||||
number | 20 458 | 17 327 | 6 976 | 5 449 | 3 443 | 1 863 | 789 | 693 | 690 |
per thousand live-born | 115.6 | 91.0 | 47.6 | 35.9 | 23.2 | 14.8 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 7.3 |